The short answer
Collective consultation is generally required when an employer proposes 20 or more redundancies at one establishment within a 90-day period. Consultation must involve recognised trade-union or elected employee representatives and begin in good time. The first dismissal normally cannot take effect until at least 30 days after consultation begins, or 45 days where 100 or more dismissals are proposed.
What employers need to know
- Count proposals carefully across the relevant establishment and 90-day window.
- Consult recognised trade unions or properly elected employee representatives.
- Provide the prescribed written information and consult on avoiding dismissals, reducing numbers and mitigating effects.
- Notify the government using form HR1 within the applicable timescale.
- From 6 April 2026, the maximum protective award for failure to consult is 180 days’ pay.
A practical process
Count and scope
Identify all proposed redundancy dismissals and obtain advice on establishment and timing.
Arrange representation
Engage the recognised union or run a fair representative election.
Notify and consult
Submit HR1 and begin collective consultation before decisions are final.
Run individual consultation too
Collective consultation does not replace fair consultation with each affected employee.
Example
Proposing 25 dismissals at one site over two months can trigger collective duties even if the dismissals happen in separate teams.
When to take advice
Collective redundancy law is technical and penalties are substantial. Take specialist advice as soon as 20 or more dismissals are contemplated.
Frequently asked questions
Does collective consultation replace individual consultation?
No. Employers should normally complete both collective and individual consultation.
What is the penalty for failing to consult?
A tribunal can make a protective award. The maximum increased to 180 days’ pay from 6 April 2026.
Official and primary sources
General information for employers in Great Britain, not legal advice. Check current official guidance and obtain advice for your circumstances.